Wi-Fi 5 vs. Wi-Fi 6: Should You Upgrade?

Get away from Wi-Fi 5 as soon as possible, but do so at a pace that’s easy on your wallet. The old spec had its run. It’s done. Upgrade to Wi-Fi 6 when you have the means.

Actually, scratch that. You should upgrade to Wi-Fi 6 Extended (Wi-Fi 6E) if you want the fastest wireless speeds possible. But the spec is somewhat new and slow to catch on, so there are only a dozen or so devices that support it—for now (Apple only has five).

Need more convincing? We’ll give you eight reasons why you should take the Wi-Fi 6 plunge.

Jump to: More speed | More streams | Better battery | Better data management | Better security | Better availability | Less interference | The 6 GHz band | Our verdict | FAQ

Jump to:

• More speed
• More streams
• Better battery
• Better data management
• Better security
• Better availability
• Less interference
• The 6 GHz band
• Our verdict
• FAQ

Reason #1: Wi-Fi 6 has more speed

First, let’s cough up some real-world numbers to show the speed differences between Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 5.

The speeds you see advertised with routers and wireless devices are theoretical, meaning the radios they use are built to support a specific maximum data rate, like 1,200Mbps. But you’ll never see those maximum speeds due to what’s called overhead, which includes data used to transmit your data (the payload) and interference.

Below is a table showing the speeds we recorded standing two feet away from a batch of Wi-Fi 6 routers.

As the table shows, we recorded faster speeds using Wi-Fi 6—from 177Mbps to 202Mbps faster than our recorded Wi-Fi 5 numbers, in fact.

But if you connect a Wi-Fi 6 smartphone to a Wi-Fi 5 router, you generally won’t see real-world speeds any higher than 700Mbps. The router is your bottleneck, which is why we insist that you upgrade to a Wi-Fi 6 router or newer. Here are a few examples:

So why is Wi-Fi 6 faster?

Now it’s time to get technical. If you’re willing to take our hand and journey down the rabbit hole with us, keep reading. If not, feel free to skip to the next section. We won’t be offended. We promise.

Data is nothing more than ones and zeroes, but we can change the shape and position of a radio wave using a process called quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to transmit these bits through the air.

A quadrature modulator conveys and groups these bits into what’s called a symbol. A single symbol may represent a zero and a one, while a larger symbol may represent three zeroes and three ones (in no specific order). The bigger the symbol, the more data you can transmit.

The modulator converts these symbols into two combined radio waves that are out of phase with each other 90 degrees (think one as horizontal and one as vertical). The waves are then superimposed onto carrier waves (we explain why here) and broadcasted through antennas.

Wi-Fi 5 uses 256-QAM at most. This modulation scheme supports symbols containing eight bits and 256 different symbol states ranging from 0000 0000 to 1111 1111.

Wi-Fi 6 uses 1024-QAM, which translates to 10 bits per symbol and 1,024 possible combinations. This uptick means faster speeds because Wi-Fi 6 can push more data through the same channel as Wi-Fi 5.

Take a look:

The listed speeds represent the maximum you can get per stream. Most Wi-Fi devices support two streams, so a Wi-Fi 5 smartphone may have an 866Mbps maximum, and a Wi-Fi 6 smartphone may have a 1,200Mbps maximum.

Channel width plays a big part too. Modern smartphones generally support 80 MHz-wide channels and smaller ones, while laptops support 160 MHz-wide channels and smaller ones.

But what about the 2.4 GHz band?

Wi-Fi 5 doesn’t apply to the 2.4 GHz band—it applies to the 5 GHz band only. The 2.4 GHz band remains locked to the older Wi-Fi 4 spec, limiting speed to 150Mbps per stream.

However, Wi-Fi 6 covers both bands. The 2.4 GHz band now has a theoretical rate of 300Mbps per stream, double that of Wi-Fi 4. The real-world speed is drastically slower, plus you need a Wi-Fi 6 device to see the improved speeds from a Wi-Fi 6 router.

So, what’s a stream? Glad you asked because that’s our next selling point for Wi-Fi 6.

Reason #2: Wi-Fi 6 has more streams

Routers broadcast data in spatial streams, which are different signals using different spaces (to avoid collisions) within the same channel. They radiate through different antennas and bounce around the environment until your devices receive them (unless your device supports beamforming).

Most wireless devices have two transmit streams (Tx) and two receive streams (Rx), so we write this as 2×2. Desktops and laptop adapters can go higher, like 4×4. The more, the better.

Wi-Fi 5 Wave 1 products certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance support 3×3 configurations on the 5 GHz band but can only handle one device at a time. This method is called single-user, multiple input, multiple output (SU-MIMO).

Certified Wi-Fi 5 Wave 2 products support 4×4 configurations on the 5 GHz band and can support more than one client at a time—this method is called multi-user, multiple input, multiple output (MU-MIMO).

We explain more about the differences between SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO here.

The Wi-Fi 5 standard published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) actually supports 8×8 configurations on the 5 GHz band, but the Wi-Fi Alliance certified Wave 1 and Wave 2 configurations only due to complexity and cost.

All that said, the newer Wi-Fi 6 standard supports 8×8 configurations on the 5 GHz band. Tri-band Wi-Fi 6 router designs usually divide them in half using two 5 GHz radios: four streams on one 5 GHz radio using the lower channels and four on another 5 GHz radio using the higher ones. Tri-band Wi-Fi 6E routers transmit up to four streams on the 5 GHz radio and up to four on the 6 GHz one.

Of course, you also have up to a 4×4 configuration on the 2.4 GHz band, so when you see Wi-Fi 6 routers advertising 12 streams, it’s generally four on 2.4 GHz, four on 5 GHz-1, and four on 5 GHz-2.

Overall, the more streams you have, the better a router can provide the fastest speeds to multiple devices, and Wi-Fi 6 does exactly that.

Reason #3: Wi-Fi 6 has better battery longevity

A Wi-Fi 5 router broadcasts a message (beacon) to all connected devices, announcing that data is ready for transmission. Every connected device wakes up and waits for its turn to receive and send data. All this waiting throughout the day and night drains your device’s battery.

Wi-Fi 6 introduces a feature called Target Wait Time to improve battery performance. The router and each connected device establish a time to wake up and transmit data. This schedule saves battery power and frees up bandwidth previously used when devices stay awake and are put on hold.

Reason #4: Wi-Fi 6 has better data management

This feature has a rather deep rabbit hole, so we’ll try to keep to the surface.

Imagine a single TV channel delivering different programs simultaneously by splitting the one channel into subchannels. There are empty subchannels (guard bands) in between to prevent overlap. This method is called Frequency-Division Multiplexing.

Wi-Fi 5 uses Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It removes those empty guard band subchannels and overlaps the used subchannels in a way so they don’t interfere with each other. For example, the router divides a 20 MHz channel into 64 subchannels and a 160 MHz channel into 512 subchannels.

The problem is, OFDM operates on a first-come, first-served basis, so a single device occupies the entire bandwidth during a single time frame. It may not use all that bandwidth, but the remaining space is still reserved for that device.

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in Wi-Fi 6 supports multiple simultaneous users by dividing a channel into even smaller subchannels called resource units (RUs). The smallest RU contains 26 subchannels in a single 20 MHz channel, supporting nine users.

With OFDMA, the router determines how it needs to allocate bandwidth to each user simultaneously in any given time frame, which improves the throughput for all connected users on that channel.

Keep in mind that OFDMA is typically associated with low-bandwidth data, like web browsing, emails, and IoT devices. High-bandwidth data uses spatial streams delivered through a different channel.

Reason #5: Wi-Fi 6 has better security

The Wi-Fi Alliance introduced Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in 2003 as a replacement for the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) security protocol. The latest version included with Wi-Fi 6, WPA3, first appeared in 2018 with significant improvements over WPA and WPA 2. Here’s a list of highlights:

• Allows easy-to-remember passwords
• Enables password sharing via NFC and QR codes
• Uses GCMP-256 encryption
• Protects against offline password guessing
• Protects against data decryption if a password is compromised
• Creates a new key for each device
• Enables a more secure router-device handshake

Wi-Fi 5 supports WPA and WPA2 only.

Reason #7: Wi-Fi 6 has less interference

There are two other features you can’t get in Wi-Fi 5: BSS Coloring and Dynamic Fragmentation.

Basic Service Set (BSS) Coloring solves an interference issue when multiple networks are close to each other and use the same channel.

With Wi-Fi 5, there is no way to distinguish chatter between different networks on the same channel. When your network detects chatter from another network, your devices go quiet until the chattering stops.

Wi-Fi 6 adds an identifier, so your devices only go quiet when another device on your network speaks, not those heard from your neighbor’s network.

Dynamic Fragmentation in Wi-Fi 6 allows the router to fill RUs with data packets of any size, so there’s no wasted bandwidth. Wi-Fi 5 uses static fragmentation, meaning all data packet fragments have the same size.

Reason #8: Wi-Fi 6E has the new 6 GHz band

The new 6 GHz band is the big selling point with Wi-Fi 6E, but we don’t insist you bypass Wi-Fi 6 altogether. The 6 GHz band is a new frontier, like 5 GHz once was, offering less interference and better speeds. You still get the 1,200 Mbps max per stream like vanilla Wi-Fi 6, but you have a better chance of hitting that mark than you would on 5 GHz.

Why? The two 160 MHz Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) channels on the 5 GHz band are shared with other services that take precedence over your Wi-Fi signal, like radar. You see slower than expected speeds, constant disconnections, or no connection at all if you live within reach of an airport, for example.

The new 6 GHz band has seven new 160 MHz channels (or 14 new 80 MHz channels). The space isn’t exclusive to Wi-Fi, but there are mechanisms in place to keep the interference from incumbent services at bay.

If you’re ready to invest in Wi-Fi 6E, take a look at our list of router recommendations below.

Our verdict: Upgrade to Wi-Fi 6 when you can

Upgrade to Wi-Fi 6 if you still use Wi-Fi 5 or older equipment and devices. You get real-world speeds above 1,000Mbps in some cases, better multi-device support, better security, and better battery longevity.

If you want the fastest Wi-Fi speeds to date, option for Wi-Fi 6E instead. But it’s a newer technology, so device selection is slimmer for now.

FAQ about Wi-Fi 5 vs. Wi-Fi 6

More resources

• What Is a Modem and Why You Need One to Get Internet
• What Is a Router? Here’s Why You Need It for Internet
• How Does Wi-Fi Work?

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